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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of antibacterial peptides in the adjuvant therapy of stage Ⅲ periodontitis.@*Methods@#Fifty-one patients were randomly divided into simple mechanical curettage group, minocycline hydrochloride group and antibacterial peptide group according to the treatment mode. Three groups received periodontal sequential treatment, and after the ultrasonic supragingival scaling, they were performed with curettage, root surface planing, polishing and flushing. After treatment in the minocycline hydrochloride group and the biological antibacterial peptide group, minocycline hydrochloride ointment and biological antibacterial peptide periodontal gel were injected into the periodontal pocket respectively. The mechanical curettage group did not take medicine. Periodontal checklists at baseline and 90 d after treatment were recorded to compare differences of the three groups in periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and attachment level (AL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) was used to detect the change of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β by collecting the gingival crevicular fluid of the three sets at baseline, 7 d after treatment and 90 d after treatment. @*Results@#There was no statistically significant difference in periodontal clinical examination indexes(PD,BI,AL) and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid between the three groups at baseline (P>0.05). At 7 and 90 d after treatment, all indexes in the three groups were improved compared with those before treatment. The comparison between groups showed that in periodontal pockets with PD≤5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference in the indicators between the three groups. In periodontal pockets with PD≥6 mm, the minocycline hydrochloride group and the bio-antibacterial peptide group had no statistically significant difference in various indicators, but they were all better than the mechanical scaling group.@*Conclusion@#Basic periodontal therapy is an important treatment for stage Ⅲ periodontitis. Minocycline hydrochloride and biological antibacterial peptides are both effective adjuvant drugs for deep periodontal pockets with PD≥6 mm.
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Objective:To investigate clinical treatment regimens for ocular lesions in patients with severe ocular rosacea.Methods:A total of 28 patients (34 eyes) with severe rosacea complicated by blepharokeratoconjunctivitis were collected from outpatient department of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 1, 2019 to May 30, 2021. They were randomly divided into two groups: group A (13 cases, 16 eyes) topically treated with sodium hyaluronate 0.3% eye drops and levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops, and group B (15 cases, 18 eyes) topically treated with sodium hyaluronate 0.3% eye drops alone. Patients in both groups also received oral minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg every day for the first 2 weeks, and then 50 mg every day for the next 6 weeks. Meanwhile, all patients received same physical therapies such as meibomian gland massage, eyelid hot compresses and eyelid margin cleaning. LogMAR visual acuity, tear break-up time (BUT) , ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, and meibomian gland function grading examination results in the two groups were recorded before and 8 weeks after treatment. Paired t test was used to compare within-group differences in the parameters before and after treatment, and two-independent-sample t test to compare intergroup differences after treatment. Results:After 8-week treatment, both group A and group B showed significantly increased LogMAR visual acuity ( t = 3.10, 2.15, P = 0.007, 0.046, respectively) , improved BUT ( t = 3.44, 2.85, P = 0.003, 0.011, respectively) , but significantly decreased OSDI scores ( t = 7.12, 9.33, respectively, both P < 0.001) and meibomian gland function scores ( t = 13.73, 16.82, respectively, both P < 0.001) compared with those before treatment. After treatment, no significant differences were observed in the LogMAR visual acuity ( P = 0.721) , BUT ( P = 0.189) , OSDI scores ( P = 0.808) and meibomian gland function scores ( P = 0.191) between the two groups. No adverse drug reactions occurred during the treatment. During the follow-up period (8 months or shorter) , no recurrence of ocular lesions was observed. Conclusion:Without topical antibiotics, oral minocycline hydrochloride combined with topical sodium hyaluronate eye drops is still effective for the treatment and prevention of recurrence of ocular lesions in patients with severe ocular rosacea.
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Some progress has been made in pharmacological treatments for acne in recent years. Several new medications have been proven effective and safe in latest clinical trials, including sarecycline (a novel tetracycline-class antibiotic) , trifarotene (a new topical fourth-generation retinoid) , clascoterone (the first topical androgen receptor antagonist) , 4% SB204 (a nitric oxide-releasing gel) , 4% FMX101 (a topical minocycline foam) , etc. This review summarizes latest advances in drug therapy for acne.
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Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common ulcerative diseases affecting the general population. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficiency of 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with the topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement over the topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement prescribed alone for treating RAS. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups—experimental group: 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel; and control group: vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel alone. The pain symptoms were evaluated using the VAS scores at baseline and first follow?up visits. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test. Results: A significant reduction in the pain scores was observed in participants using the 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel on the first follow?up visit (P = < 0.001). Conclusion: The 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel had shown more reduction in the pain symptoms when compared to topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement prescribed alone for the treatment of RAS.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with metronidazole film in the treatment of periodontitis and their effects on C-reactive protein and elastase levels in the gingival crevicular fluid.Methods:76 patients with periodontitis who received treatment in Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2019 to January 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly allocated to undergo treatment with metronidazole film (control group, n = 38) or minocycline hydrochloride ointment plus metronidazole film (observation group, n = 38) for 4 weeks. We compared clinical efficacy, periodontal system examination indexes (gingival index, periodontal probing pocket depth, gingival bleeding index, plaque index, loss of attachment), gingival crevicular fluid biochemical markers (C-reactive protein, elastase in the pellet, elastase in the supernatant) measured before and after treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions, and the recurrence rate within half a year after treatment between the two groups. Results:The total response rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [97.37% (37/38) vs. 78.95% (30/38), χ2 = 6.17 , P < 0.05]. Gingival index, periodontal probing pocket depth, gingival bleeding index, plaque index, and loss of attachment measured after treatment were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P < 0.001). C-reactive protein, elastase in the pellet, and elastase in the supernatant measured after treatment were (5.31 ± 1.19) μg/L, (0.70 ± 0.20) Abs/mL, (0.48 ± 0.19) Abs/mL respectively in the observation group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(7.92 ± 1.27) μg/L, (1.15 ± 0.52) Abs/mL, (1.12 ± 0.31) Abs/mL, t = 9.24, 4.97, 10.85, all P < 0.001]. The recurrence rate within half a year in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [2.63% (1/38) vs. 20% (6/38), χ2 = 3.93, P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Minocycline hydrochloride ointment combined with metronidazole film is safe and effective in the treatment of periodontitis. The combined therapy help downregulate the levels of C-reactive protein, elastase in the pellet, elastase in the supernatant of the gingival crevicular fluid, alleviate inflammation, improve the periodontal status, and reduce the recurrence rate.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of removable periodontal splint combined with minocycline on periodontal indexes and tooth aesthetics in patients with severe periodontal disease.Methods:A total of 102 patients with severe periodontal disease treated in the School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University from November 2018 to April 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly allocated into study and control groups ( n = 51/group). The control group was subject to repair with removable periodontal splint based on routine interventions. The study group was subject to medication with minocycline in addition to the treatments used in the control group. Clinical efficacy, periodontal status (sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, periodontal pocket depth) and gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory factors (transforming growth factor β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8) and bone metabolism indexes [osteocalcin, N-terminal procollagen of type I (PINP), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels], comfort and aesthetics scores, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results:Total response rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group [94.12% (48/51) vs. 80.39% (41/51), χ2 = 4.32, P < 0.05]. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, sulcus bleeding index (1.32 ± 0.41, 1.11 ± 0.36), plaque index (1.51 ± 0.44, 1.32 ± 0.51), periodontal pocket depth [(3.29 ± 0.70) mm, (2.51 ± 0.63) mm] were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group [1.65 ± 0.39, 1.45 ± 0.38, 1.92 ± 0.42, 1.88 ± 0.49, (5.05 ± 0.79) mm, (3.82 ± 0.86) mm, t = 4.16, 4.63, 4.81, 5.65, 11.90, 8.77, all P < 0.001]. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the level of transforming growth factor β in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher, and the level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly lower, in the study group compared with the control group (both P < 0.001). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the level of osteocalcin in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher, and the level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly lower, in the study group compared with the control group ( t = -9.97, -10.71, -5.77, -7.40, 7.24, 16.11, all P < 0.001). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the scores of comfort and aesthetics in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 7.49, 8.26, 7.84, 9.10, all P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (94.12% vs. 80.39%, χ2 = 4.32, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Repair with a removable periodontal splint combined with minocycline can increase the therapeutic effects through reducing periodontal inflammation and regulating bone metabolism, thereby improving the periodontal condition, and improving tooth comfort and aesthetics and patient satisfaction in patients with severe periodontal disease.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of minocycline alone or in combination with low-dose glucocorticoids in the treatment of pemphigus erythematosus and pemphigus herpetiformis, as well as their effect on immune indices.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted, and patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus erythematosus or pemphigus herpetiformis, who received initial treatment with minocycline alone or in combination with low-dose glucocorticoids and were followed up for more than 6 months, were collected from Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital from June 2011 to June 2021. Data on patients′ condition and autoantibody levels were collected at baseline and different follow-up time points, and disease severity, diagnosis, changes in autoantibody levels and their relationships with efficacy were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze complete remission rate, and chi-square test to analyze the efficacy among patients with different disease severity or after different treatments.Results:A total of 24 patients of Han nationality were collected and followed up for a median period of 21.8 months, including 15 with pemphigus erythematosus and 9 with pemphigus herpetiformis. The male to female ratio was 1.4∶1, their median age was 68.8 years, and the median duration of disease was 22.1 months. All the 24 patients achieved disease control, and the time to disease control ( M [ Q1, Q3]) was 15.9 (12, 20.1) weeks. Twenty-three (95.8%) patients achieved complete remission, and the time to complete remission was 8.7 (6.4, 10) months. After 1-year treatment, no significant difference in the complete remission rate was observed between patients receiving minocycline monotherapy (11/13) and those receiving combination therapy with low-dose glucocorticoids (9/11, χ2 = 0.16, P = 0.692) . During the follow-up period, 2 patients (8.7%) experienced recurrence in disease control state, 1 of whom achieved complete remission at week 38 after dose adjustment, and the other achieved complete remission after half-a-year treatment with rituximab. There was no significant difference in the efficacy between patients with mild and moderate pemphigus ( χ2 = 0.28, P = 0.599) . Drug-related adverse reactions occurred in 3 cases, including 1 case of tinea corporis on the back and 2 cases of generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin and gingiva. Conclusion:Minocycline alone or in combination with low-dose glucocorticoids was effective for the treatment of mild to moderate pemphigus erythematosus and pemphigus herpetiformis without serious adverse reactions, but long-term efficacy, adverse reactions and patients′ prognosis should be re-evaluated in prospective multi-center studies with a large sample size in the future.
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@#Introduction: Minocycline has been demonstrated to have potent effects on neurologic structures and functions in several animal models. However, its neuroprotective properties following a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an adult rat model have not been clearly elucidated. This study investigated minocycline’s neuroprotective effects in the LPS-induced neuroinflammation rat model. Methods: Fifty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were split into five groups at random: (i) control, (ii) distilled water-treated LPS, (iii) 25 mg/kg minocycline-treated LPS, (iv) 50 mg/kg minocycline-treated LPS, and (v) 10 mg/kg memantine-treated LPS. On day 5, LPS (5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally once, whereas minocycline and memantine were given once daily for 14 days. Results: LPS was found to significantly induce β-amyloid peptide deposition and neuronal damage, and impair recognition memory, while administration of minocycline dose-dependently reversed these effects. These data suggest that LPS-induced recognition memory impairment by inducing β-amyloid peptide deposition and neuronal damage in the cortical and hippocampal areas. Furthermore, we compared minocycline with memantine administration, and these data suggested better effects in minocycline (50 mg/kg) and comparable effects between minocycline (25 mg/kg) and memantine (10 mg/kg) treatments in reducing β-amyloid peptide deposition, neuronal damage and recognition memory impairment induced by LPS. Conclusion: Minocycline may be a strong contender as an effective preventive-therapeutic drug for neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on these findings.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of drug combined with red-blue light irradiation, chemical peeling by glycolic acid and intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris.Methods:A total of 187 patients with moderate acne vulgaris were divided into five groups. There were 59 males and 128 females, aged from 16 to 29 years (21.79±2.52). In group A, patients were treated with oral medicines; the patients were treated with oral medicines combined with red-blue light irradiation, chemical peeling by glycolic acid and IPL respectively in group B, group C and group D. In group E, patients were treated with oral medicines combined with chemical peeling by glycolic acid and IPL. The number of different types of skin lesions (comedoes, papules, pustules) were compared between before and after treatment in five groups. The clinical effect of five treatment groups was evaluated by comparing regression rates of different types of skin lesions and total skin lesions and treatment efficiency.Results:All the patients with moderate acne vulgaris were brought into this study. The regression rates of comedoes, papules and total skin lesions were (86.37±9.64)%, (94.25±9.79)% and (88.80±9.40)% respectively in group E, and significantly higher than that of other four groups ( P<0.05). The treatment efficiency of group E also were significantly higher than that of other four groups ( P<0.05). Then, the regression rates of comedoes (70.91±18.52) in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B ( P<0.05). The regression rates of papules (91.42±13.86) in group D was significantly higher than that of group A and group B ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oral medicines combined with chemical peeling by glycolic acid and IPL has obvious clinical efficacy in treatment of patients with moderate acne vulgaris. Oral medicines combined with chemical peeling by glycolic acid can obviously improve comedoes, and oral medicines combined with IPL can obviously improve papules.
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La papilomatosis confluente y reticulada es una dermatosis infrecuente, benigna, de curso crónico y etiopatogenia desconocida. Actualmente, se acepta que se debe a un trastorno de la queratinización. Se caracteriza por máculas y pápulas hiperpigmentadas, que coalescen en el centro y adoptan un patrón reticular en la periferia. Se la puede confundir con otras patologías, como la pitiriasis versicolor y la acantosis nigricans. Con la administración de minociclina por vía oral suelen obtenerse excelentes resultados. Se comunica el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de papilomatosis confluente y reticulada. Se describen sus características clínicas, criterios diagnósticos y trata-miento instaurado.
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is an infrequent, benign dermatosis of chronic course and unknown etiopathogenesis. Currently it is accepted that this dermatosis is due to a keratinization disorder. It is characterized by hyperpigmented macules and papules that coalesce in the center and adopt a reticular pattern in the periphery. It can be confused with other pathologies such as pityriasis versicolor and acanthosis nigricans. Oral minocycline usually shows excellent results. The present work reports a case of a patient with a diagnosis of confluent and retic-ulated papillomatosis, describing its clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria and established treatment.
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Humans , Male , Adult , Papilloma/diagnosis , Skin Abnormalities , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Hyperpigmentation , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
La hipomelanosis macular progresiva (HMP) es una dermatosis caracterizada por máculas hipopigmentadas, que se observa con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres y en los fototipos III y IV. Se ha asociado a Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) de tipo III como factor etiológico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con máculas hipopigmentadas redondeadas en el tronco y la raíz de los miembros inferiores, de 10 años de evolución. El estudio histológico informó disminución del número de melanocitos y de pigmento melánico en la capa basal e infiltrado inflamatorio mononuclear perivascular superficial. Se indicó minociclina 100 mg/día por vía oral durante 8 meses, tras lo cual se observó la resolución total de las lesiones.
Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH) is a dermatosis characterized by hypopigmented macules, most frequently found in females and in phototypes III and IV. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) type III has been associated as an etiological factor. We present the case of a thirty-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of nummular hypopigmented macules located on the top of the lower limbs and on the trunk. The histological study reported a decrease in the number of melanocytes and melanotic pigment in the basal layer and the presence of superficial perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. After an 8-month regimen of oral minocycline 100 mg/day, there was a complete resolution of the lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Melanosis/drug therapy , Minocycline/pharmacology , Skin Diseases , Melanosis/diagnosis , Minocycline/administration & dosageABSTRACT
@#To prepare a minocycline hydrochloride microsphere depot and evaluate its release performance and physicochemical properties, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as raw material, the minocycline hydrochloride microspheres were prepared by electrospray, and the morphology and size distribution of the microspheres were characterized by polarizing microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microspheres were then mixed with sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) depot at a ratio of 1:10 to form a minocycline hydrochloride microsphere depot, and its release performance and porosity changes were evaluated. The results showed that the microspheres had smooth surface and the diameter was (5.294 ± 1.222) μm. After the microspheres were added into SAIB depot, the burst release of minocycline hydrochloride significantly decreased from 60% to 3.27% at the first day, and then the release lasted for 42 days . Additionally, the porosity of the depot increased rapidly from (12.53 ± 0.43)% to (32.53 ± 0.43)% during days 0-15, and increased slowly from (32.53 ± 0.43)% to (33.81 ± 0.54)% during days 15-45. The minocycline hydrochloride microsphere depot prepared in this study is expected to be an effective way for the application of minocycline hydrochloride for its good release performance and simple preparation process.
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OBJECTIVE@#To develop dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes (Dex/Mino liposomes) and apply them to improve bioinert polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface, which could prevent post-operative bacterial contamination, enhance ossification for physiologic osseointegration, and finally reduce implant failure rates.@*METHODS@#Dex/Mino liposomes were covalently grafted onto the PEEK surface using polydopamine (pDA) coating as a medium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the binding of fluorescently labeled liposomes onto the PEEK substrate, and a microplate reader was used to semiquantitatively measure the average fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labeled liposome-decorated PEEK surfaces. Moreover, the mouse subcutaneous infection model and the beagle femur implantation model were respectively conducted to verify the bioactivity of Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK in vivo, by means of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining analysis.@*RESULTS@#The qualitative and quantitative results of fluorescently labeled liposomes showed that, the red fluorescence intensity of the PEEK-pDA-lipo group was stronger than that of the PEEK-NF-lipo group (P < 0.05); the liposomes were successfully and uniformly decorated on the PEEK surfaces due to the pDA coating. After mouse subcutaneous implantation of PEEKs for 24 hours, HE staining results showed that the number of inflammatory cells in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group were lower than that in the inert PEEK group (P < 0.05), indicating a lower degree of infection in the test group. These results suggested that the Mino released from the liposome-functionalized surface provided an effective bacteriostasis in vivo. After beagle femoral implantation of PEEK for 8 weeks, micro-CT results showed that the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group newly formed more continuous bone when compared with the inert PEEK group; HE staining results showed that more new bones were formed in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group than in the inert PEEK group, which were firmly bonded to the functionalized PEEK surface and extended along the PEEK interface. These results suggested that the Dex released from the liposome-functionalized surface induced effective bone regeneration in vivo.@*CONCLUSION@#Dex/Mino liposome modification enhanced the bioactivity of inert PEEK, the functionalized PEEK with enhanced antibacterial and osseointegrative capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Mice , Benzophenones , Ketones , Liposomes , Osseointegration , Polyethylene Glycols , Polymers , Surface Properties , X-Ray MicrotomographyABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the improvement and its mechanism of minocycline on sevoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.Methods:Totally 75 aged clean-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control (Con) group( n=25), sevoflurane (Sev) group( n=25) and sevoflurane + minocycline (Sev+ Min) group( n=25). Anesthetic injury was induced by 3% sevoflurane (2 h/d for 3 days) in Sev group. Minocycline (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally first, and then 3% sevoflurane (2 h/d for 3 days) anesthesia was performed in Sev+ Min group. Saline alone was injected intraperitoneally (once a day for 3 days) in Con group.The spatial memory function was detected by Morris water maze experiments. BrdU was used to label new neuron and the proliferation was observed by immunohistochemistry. The field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope was measured in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region of isolated brain slices by electricphysiological technique.The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and SNK-q test using SPSS 21.0 software. Results:Results from positioning navigation experiment showed that the group×time interaction effect of mice was significant( F=15.65, P<0.01). On the 6th day after anesthesia, compared with Con group, the escape latency of the original platform in Sev group was significantly increased ( q=4.35, P<0.05) in space exploration experiment, while the target quadrant time ratio ( q=6.15, P<0.05))and the mean annulus crossings ( q=6.45, P<0.05) were significantly decreased. Compared with Sev group, the escape latency in Sev+ Min group was significantly decreased ( q=3.01, P<0.05), while the target quadrant time ratio ( q=3.21, P<0.05) and the mean annulus crossings ( q=3.48, P<0.05) were significantly increased. In immunohistochemistry experiment, the number of BrdU positive cells in Sev group was significantly reduced ((227.45±43.25), q=8.67, P<0.01) compared with Con group (355.87±62.58). Compared with Sev group, the number of BrdU positive cells in Sev+ Min group was significantly increased ((338.73±47.27), q=8.68, P<0.01). In electricphysiological test, the fEPSP slope after high frequency stimulation in Sev group ((126.83±25.67)%, q=6.18, P<0.01)) was significantly lower than that in Con group((214.38±43.42)%). In Sev+ Min group, the fEPSP slope was significantly higher ((178.49±32.67)%, q=3.64, P<0.05) than that in Sev group. Conclusion:Sevoflurane anesthesia can induce the short-term cognitive dysfunction in aged mice, and its mechanism is related to inhibiting neuron proliferation and synaptic plasticity. Minocycline can alleviate the damage caused by sevoflurane.
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Introdução: A eliminação do Enterococcus faecalis dos canais radiculares é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico, uma vez que esses microrganismos são de difícil eliminação, principalmente quando organizados em forma de biofilmes. A busca por drogas ou suas combinações que possam eliminar esses microrganismos é um dos principais objetivos terapêuticos. Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou a ação antimicrobiana de medicações intracanal experimentais sobre biofilmes de Enterococcus faecalis. Métodos: Quarenta dentes bovinos unirradiculares foram utilizados; suas coroas foram seccionadas e as raízes foram instrumentadas e esterilizadas. As raízes foram contaminadas com suspensão contendo Enterococcus faecalis, mantidas em estufa a 37°C por 30 dias e divididas em quatro grupos, de acordo com a medicação intracanal: GI) medicação experimental 1 (clorexidina [CHX] 0,2%/metronidazol, doxiciclina); GII) medicação experimental 2 (CHX 0,2%/metronidazol, minociclina); GIII) clorexidina a 2% (CHX 2%); e GIV) solução salina. As raízes foram seladas e mantidas em estufa por 7 dias, em tubos contendo TSB. Dentina foi coletada e semeada por 24 h, para formação de UFCs. Os valores obtidos foram comparados pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Quando comparados os resultados, não houve diferenças entre os Grupos I, II e III; no entanto, eles foram significativamente diferentes do Grupo IV. Conclusão: As medicações intracanal experimentais exerceram ação antimicrobiana sobre biofilmes de Enterococcus faecalis (AU).
Background: The elimination of Enterococcus faecalis of the root canals is fundamental for endodontic success, since these microorganisms are difficult to killed, especially when organized in biofilms. The search for drugs or their combinations that can eliminate these microorganisms is one of the main therapeutic aim. This study evaluated the antimicrobial action of experimental intracanal medications on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Methods: Forty uniradicular bovine teeth were used; their crowns were removed, and the roots were instrumented and sterilized. The roots were contaminated with suspension containing Enterococcus faecalis and kept in an oven at 37°C for 30 days. The roots were divided into 4 groups according to the intracanal medication: I- experimental medication 1 (0.2% CHX/metronidazole/ doxycycline); II- experimental medication 2 (0.2% CHX/ metronidazole/minocycline), III- 2% chlorhexidine (2% CHX), and IV- saline solution. The roots were sealed and kept in tubes containing TSB in an oven for 7 days. Dentin was collected and seeded for 24 h for perform of CFUs. The values obtained were compared using ANOVA and Tukeys tests (p<0.05). When comparing the results, there were no differences among groups I, II and III; however, they were significantly different from group IV. Conclusion: The experimental intracanal medications exerted an antimicrobial action on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms (AU).
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , In Vitro Techniques , Enterococcus faecalis , Biofilms , Anti-Infective Agents , MethodsABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Acne Vulgaris , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteroidetes , Bifidobacterium , Case-Control Studies , Comorbidity , Racial Groups , DNA , Dysbiosis , Firmicutes , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Gastrointestinal Tract , Genes, rRNA , Lactobacillus , Leuconostoc , Microbiota , Minocycline , Permeability , Prevotella nigrescens , Probiotics , Propionibacterium , Skin , Staphylococcus epidermidis , SulfaleneABSTRACT
AIM: To study the mechanism of minocycline (Mino) in inhibiting inflammatory corpuscle NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and improving cognitive ability in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce PC12 to construct a model of neuronal pyroptosis. The cells were divided into control group, LPS group and LPS+Mino group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic level, and Western blot was used to detect the levels of key proteins NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-Caspase-1 in NLRP3 corpuscles, as well as the levels of GSDMD and p30-GSDMD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α in culture medium. APP-PS1 mice were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The experimental group was given intragastric administration of minocycline 50 μg. The cognitive and memory abilities of mice were tested by Morris test before and 3 weeks after administration. The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-Caspase-1 in hippocampal CA3 region were detected after execution, and the expressions of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α were detected. RESULTS: Minocycline could inhibit LPS-induced pyroptosis. Cell viability in LPS+Mino group was significantly higher than that in LPS group, and the apoptotic rate was significantly lower than that in LPS group (P<0.05). The expression of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in LPS+Mino group was lower than that in LPS group, while the expression of p30-GSDMD was lower than that in LPS group, and GSDMD was higher than that in LPS group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in culture medium were lower than those in LPS group, with significant difference (P<0.05). In animal experiments, minocycline could significantly improve the cognitive ability of mice. In Morris experiment, the latency of mice was shortened, which had statistical significance compared with the control group (P<0.05). At the same time, the number of times of mice crossing the platform increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The expression of key proteins NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in NLRP3 corpuscle of mice in experimental group was lower than that in control group, while the expression of pyroptosis executive protein p30-GSDMD was lower than that in control group, GSDMD was higher than that in control group, and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α were lower than that in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Minocycline can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 corpuscle and the occurrence of neuronal pyroptosis, and improve the cognitive ability of mice with Alzheimer's disease.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The genus Myroides comprises of Gramnegative, non-motile, and non- fermenting bacteria. It is arare opportunistic pathogen but many recent case reports,however, underscore the pathogenic potential that Myroidesspp. possesses for humans. Immunocompromised patients areat higher risk for Myroides infection. Diabetes, catheterizationand ICU stay may increase the chances of acquiring Myroidesinfection.Material and Methods: Urine specimens collected frominpatients were cultured as per standards. Myroides spp.were identified and sensitivity was performed on VITEK® 2Compact™.Results: A total of 16 Myroides spp. isolates were obtainedin the study period. All the isolates were from catheterizedpatients residing in intensive care units. Eleven (69%) patientswere suffering from diabetes mellitus. Extensive resistancewas seen in antibiotic sensitivity results. Minocycline was100% sensitive.Conclusion: Myroides spp. should be considered amongpathogens in hospitalized, catheterized patients. They couldbe extremely drug resistant. Minocycline is a useful antibioticwhile treating UTI caused by Myroides spp.
ABSTRACT
Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are human filarial diseases belonging to the group of neglected tropical diseases, leading to permanent and long-term disability in infected individuals in the endemic countries such as Africa and India. Microfilaricidal drugs such as ivermectin and albendazole have been used as the standard therapy in filariasis, although their efficacy in eliminating the diseases is not fully established. Anti-Wolbachia therapy employs antibiotics and is a promising approach showing potent macrofilaricidal activity and also prevents embryogenesis. This has translated to clinical benefits resulting in successful eradication of microfilarial burden, thus averting the risk of adverse events from target species as well as those due to co-infection with loiasis. Doxycycline shows potential as an anti-Wolbachia treatment, leading to the death of adult parasitic worms. It is readily available, cheap and safe to use in adult non-pregnant patients. Besides doxycycline, several other potential antibiotics are also being investigated for the treatment of LF and onchocerciasis. This review aims to discuss and summarise recent developments in the use of anti-Wolbachia drugs to treat onchocerciasis and LF.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: Vitiligo é uma doença cutânea adquirida crônica, que evolui com despigmentação. O controle da atividade da doença é um desafio terapêutico. Os corticosteroides sistêmicos, em uso diário ou sob a forma de pulsos, constituem o tratamento mais utilizado para a doença. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da minociclina no controle sobre a atividade do vitiligo em comparação ao corticosteroide. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com 16 pacientes com vitiligo vulgar em atividade, distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo MINO - minociclina 100mg/dia, via oral, por três meses; e Grupo CORT - prednisolona 0,3mg/kg/dia, via oral, por dois meses e 0,15mg/ kg/dia no terceiro mês. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e depois do tratamento por: registros fotográficos e avaliação das pontuações obtidas pelo escore VIDA (escore de atividade da doença vitiligo). Resultados: De acordo com os registros fotográficos, houve controle da atividade do vitiligo em 100% dos pacientes do Grupo MINO em comparação a 60% do Grupo CORT. Na comparação para o escore VIDA, notou-se diferença estatisticamente significante para ambos os grupos; porém, constatou-se que a redução foi maior no Grupo MINO, evidenciando maior efetividade da minociclina no controle da atividade do vitiligo. Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou a eficácia da minociclina no controle do vitiligo em atividade em comparação a um esquema de corticoterapia sistêmica. Estudos adicionais devem ser realizados para confirmar sua eficácia.
Introduction: Vitiligo is a chronic acquired skin disease, which evolves with depigmentation. The control of disease activity is a therapeutic challenge. Systemic corticosteroids, in daily use or in pulse doses, are the most used treatment for the disease. Objective: To evaluate the effect of minocycline on the control over vitiligo activity compared with the corticosteroid therapy. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 16 active vitiligo vulgaris patients, divided into two groups: MINO group: minocycline 100mg/day, orally, for three months; and CORT group: prednisolone 0.3mg/kg/day, orally, for two months, and 0.15 mg/kg/day in the third month. The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment by photographic records and evaluation of the scores obtained by the VIDA score (vitiligo disease activity score). Results: According to the photographic records, there was control of vitiligo activity in 100% of patients in the MINO group compared with 60% in the CORT group. In the comparison using the VIDA score, we noticed a statistically significant difference for both groups; however, we found that the reduction was greater in the MINO group, evidencing more effectiveness of minocycline in controlling the vitiligo activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficacy of minocycline in the control of active vitiligo compared with a systemic corticosteroid regimen. Additional studies should be performed to confirm its efficacy.